It is important for any programming tool to have some functionality of handling collections like array, list or something else. Prolog use lists for the very purpose and I must warn C/C++ programmers (or even Java, C# or any other C-like language fan) that lists are not arrays but similar to it.
A list must be declared as list type in domains section or in predicate section, it should be mentioned that we are using list.
In domains section, we do it by declaring a new domain and equaling it to a list type, declared by name of type followed by an asterisk; e.g.:
numList=integer*
if one like to avoid domain section, but use list it should be mentioned in predicate section like this:
somePredicate(integer*)
A list is presented as a comma-separated bracket closed tuple of same type:
[a,b,c,]
[1,15,2,100,11,12,19]
[“Car”,“House”,”pen”,”tree”,”Etc”]
List is not random access container but can be accessed in sequence. First element of a list can be accessed in kind of weird way:
[Head|Tail]
If we pass a list there, Head will contain the first element while Tail contains another list excluding the first elemetn. Hence, we need to write some extra lines of code to access nth element.
I would like to avoid further explanation, which you can find a lot in the internet, but will go forward to placing an example code:
/*Example code on LIST in Prolog*/
domains
key,index,element,minimum,maximum,sum,count=integer
average=real
predicates
search(numList,key,index)
search(numList,key)
last(numList)
min(numList,minimum)
max(numList)
avg(numList,average)
avg(numList,sum,count)
clauses
trav([]):-
nl.
trav([H|Tail]):-
write(H,”,”),trav(Tail).
/*SEARCH*/
search(List,Key):-
search(List,Key,1).
search([],_,_):-
write(“Not Found”),nl.
search([H|_],Key,I):-
H=Key,write(“Found at “,I),nl.
search([_|T],Key,I):-
II=I+1,search(T,Key,II).
/*LAST*/
last(List):-
last(List,E),write(E),nl.
last([Head],E):-
E=Head.
last([_|Tail],E):-
last(Tail,E).
/*NTH ELEM*/
nth([],_):-
write(“overflow”),nl.
nth([Head|_],I):-
I=1,write(Head),nl.
nth([_|Tlist],I):-
II=I-1,nth(Tlist,II).
/*MIN*/
min([H|T]):-
min(T,H).
min([],Min):-
write(Min),nl.
min([H|T],Min):-
H<Min,M1n=H,min(T,M1n).
min([_|T],Min):-
min(T,Min).
/*MAX*/
max([H|T]):-
max(T,H).
max([],Max):-
write(Max),nl.
max([H|T],Max):-
H>Max,M4x=H,max(T,M4x).
max([_|T],Max):-
max(T,Max).
/*AVG*/
avg([]):-
write(“Empty List”),nl.
avg(List):-
avg(List,Avg),write(Avg),nl.
avg(List,Avg):-
avg(List,Sum,C),Avg=Sum/C.
avg([H],Sum,C):-
Sum=H,C=1.
avg([H|T],Sum,C):-
avg(T,S,Count),Sum=S+H,C=Count+1.
Happy Prolog!
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inside the insight 
i want a code of searching for the value inside the list using its index
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I think you are “smart” enough to find that it is already there in the given code.
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What do I write in domain if I need to insert a list as list of list of integers, e.g., I want to have a variable which can take the value [1,2,[3,4],[], [[[5]]], 6]. Compiler Turbo Prolog. Thank You.
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